The purpose of our review was to analyze evidence of the validity of electronic noses to discriminate persons with lung cancer from healthy control subjects and to advance implications for this technology in the care of people living with HIV. A computerized database search of the literature (published 1946-2018) was conducted to identify studies that used electronic nose-generated smellprints to discriminate persons with lung cancer from healthy control subjects. Fifteen articles met the sampling criteria. In 14 studies, mean sensitivity and specificity values from a single training sample were 84.1% and 80.9%, respectively. Five studies applied the prediction model obtained from the training sample to a separate validation sample; mean sensitivity was 88.2%, and mean specificity was 70.2%. Findings suggest that breath smellprints are valid markers of lung cancer and may be useful screening measures for cancer. No studies included people living with HIV; additional studies are needed to assess generalizability to this population.