Diastolic BP rose and cardiac output diminished after 6 months of exercises training because of the increase in peripheral resistance of blood vessels in athletes. In result of the training, skeletal muscles became capable of a profound relaxation leading, in its turn, to development of the ability for marked constriction of skeletal muscles' arterioles. After the exercises, the rigidity of femoral and tibial arteries decreased as the result of involvement of the artery walls' smooth muscle cells into peripheral vasodilatation. The functional condition of the skeletal muscles' arterioles seems to be the main factor affecting circulatory changes both during acute effect of exercise and after a prolonged training.