Rationale: To our knowledge, this is the first report of traumatic combined vertical atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) and atlanto-axial dislocation (AAD) with 2-part fracture of the atlas.
Patient concerns: The first case was of a 31-year-old woman admitted to the emergency room comatose after a traffic accident. The second case was of a 21-year-old woman admitted to the emergency room comatose after a fall.
Diagnoses: Traumatic combined vertical AOD and AAD with 2-part fractures of the atlas was diagnosed using plain radiography, 2-dimensional computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine.
Intervention: The first patient received immediate intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency room. The second patient also received immediate intubation in the emergency room. After her vitals stabilized, she underwent occipitocervical fusion with instrumentation.
Outcomes: The first patient died 2 days after the accident. The second patient remained quadriplegic in a ventilatory-dependent state at 1 year after surgery. She continues to receive comprehensive rehabilitation.
Lessons: Immediate respiratory support and surgical stabilization are important for saving lives in this kind of extremely unstable and fatal complex upper cervical spine injury.