A necessary discussion after transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms through faecal microbiota transplantations

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands; National Donor Feces Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands. Electronic address: ejkuijper@gmail.com.
• ² Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
• ³ Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
• ⁴ Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service de Gastroenterologie, Paris, France; French Group of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation, Paris, France.
• ⁵ Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
• ⁶ Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
• ⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
• ⁸ Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
• ⁹ National Donor Feces Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology, Haaglanden Medical Center, Den Haag, Netherlands.
• ¹⁰ Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.