Effect of a Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training on Joint Biomarkers and Functional Adaptations in Rats Subjected to Induced Knee Osteoarthritis

Jeanne Brenda Martins; Vanessa Amaral Mendonça; Grazielle Cordeiro Aguiar; Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca; Jousielle Márcia Dos Santos; Rosalina Tossige-Gomes; Dirceu de Sousa Melo; Murilo Xavier Oliveira; Hércules Ribeiro Leite; Ana Cristina Resende Camargos; Anderson José Ferreira; Cândido Celso Coimbra; Jacques Poortmans; Vinícius Cunha Oliveira; Sara Barros Silva; Talita Emanuela Domingues; Mário Bernardo-Filho; Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01168

Effect of a Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training on Joint Biomarkers and Functional Adaptations in Rats Subjected to Induced Knee Osteoarthritis

Front Physiol. 2019 Sep 18:10:1168. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01168. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Jeanne Brenda Martins^{1

2}, Vanessa Amaral Mendonça^{1

2

3}, Grazielle Cordeiro Aguiar⁴, Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca^{1

2}, Jousielle Márcia Dos Santos^{1

3}, Rosalina Tossige-Gomes^{1

2}, Dirceu de Sousa Melo^{1

2}, Murilo Xavier Oliveira^{1

3}, Hércules Ribeiro Leite^{1

2}, Ana Cristina Resende Camargos⁵, Anderson José Ferreira⁴, Cândido Celso Coimbra⁴, Jacques Poortmans⁶, Vinícius Cunha Oliveira^{1

3}, Sara Barros Silva^{1

3}, Talita Emanuela Domingues^{1

2}, Mário Bernardo-Filho⁷, Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.
² Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Diamantina, Brazil.
³ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.
⁴ Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
⁵ Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
⁶ Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
⁷ Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Abstract

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (_kOA) is a common chronic disease that induces changes in redox status and inflammatory biomarkers, cell death, and motor impairment. Aerobic training can be a non-pharmacological alternative to prevent the progression of the disease.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of an 8 weeks moderate-intensity treadmill aerobic training program on redox status and inflammatory biomarkers and motor performance in _kOA-like changes induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in rats.

Methods: Twenty-seven rats were randomly divided into three groups: SHAM; induced _kOA (OA); and induced _kOA + aerobic training (OAE). Motor performance was evaluated by the number of falls on rotarod test, the total time of displacement and the number of failures on a 100 cm footbridge. Data for cytokines and histology were investigated locally, whereas plasma was used for redox status biomarkers.

Results: The OA group, compared to the SHAM group, increased 1.13 times the total time of displacement, 6.05 times the number of failures, 2.40 times the number of falls. There was also an increase in cytokine and in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (IL1β: 5.55-fold, TNF: 2.84-fold, IL10: 1.27-fold, IL6: 1.50-fold, TBARS: 1.14-fold), and a reduction of 6.83% in the total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), and of 35% in the number of chondrocytes. The aerobic training improved the motor performance in all joint function tests matching to SHAM scores. Also, it reduced inflammatory biomarkers and TBARS level at values close to those of the SHAM group, with no change in FRAP level. The number of falls was explained by IL1β and TNF (58%), and the number of failures and the total time of displacement were also explained by TNF (29 and 21%, respectively).

Conclusion: All findings indicate the efficacy of moderate-intensity aerobic training to regulate inflammatory biomarkers associated with improved motor performance in induced _kOA-like changes, thus preventing the loss of chondrocytes.

Keywords: aerobic training; biomarkers; exercise; joint function; osteoarthritis.