Histology, Parathyroid Gland

The parathyroid glands are four nodular structures, typically located on the dorsum of the thyroid at each of its four poles. These glands monitor the serum calcium level and secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) when it is low. PTH is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis. Thus, dysregulation of this hormone can lead to various pathologies. Histological examination is an important technique used to evaluate and diagnose these pathologies, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma.