Cell-free DNA diagnostics: current and emerging applications in oncology

Pharmacogenomics. 2019 Apr;20(5):357-380. doi: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0174. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Abstract

Liquid biopsy is a noninvasive dynamic approach for monitoring disease over time. It offers advantages including limited risks of blood sampling, opportunity for more frequent sampling, lower costs and theoretically non-biased sampling compared with tissue biopsy. There is a high degree of concordance between circulating tumor DNA mutations versus primary tumor mutations. Remote sampling of circulating tumor DNA can serve as viable option in clinical diagnostics. Here, we discuss the progress toward broad adoption of liquid biopsy as a diagnostic tool and discuss knowledge gaps that remain to be addressed.

Keywords: NSCLC; cfDNA; clonal hematopoiesis; colorectal cancer; ctDNA; digital PCR; liquid biopsy; massively parallel sequencing (MPS); melanoma; methylation.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids / blood*
  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids / genetics*
  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids / urine
  • DNA, Neoplasm / blood*
  • DNA, Neoplasm / genetics*
  • DNA, Neoplasm / urine
  • Disease Progression
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / genetics
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Humans
  • Liquid Biopsy / methods*
  • Liquid Biopsy / trends
  • Mutation
  • Neoplasms / blood
  • Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Pharmacogenomic Testing
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
  • Prognosis

Substances

  • Cell-Free Nucleic Acids
  • DNA, Neoplasm