Vitamin C Can Shorten the Length of Stay in the ICU: A Meta-Analysis

Nutrients. 2019 Mar 27;11(4):708. doi: 10.3390/nu11040708.

Abstract

A number of controlled trials have previously found that in some contexts, vitamin C can have beneficial effects on blood pressure, infections, bronchoconstriction, atrial fibrillation, and acute kidney injury. However, the practical significance of these effects is not clear. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate whether vitamin C has an effect on the practical outcomes: length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and duration of mechanical ventilation. We identified 18 relevant controlled trials with a total of 2004 patients, 13 of which investigated patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. We carried out the meta-analysis using the inverse variance, fixed effect options, using the ratio of means scale. In 12 trials with 1766 patients, vitamin C reduced the length of ICU stay on average by 7.8% (95% CI: 4.2% to 11.2%; p = 0.00003). In six trials, orally administered vitamin C in doses of 1⁻3 g/day (weighted mean 2.0 g/day) reduced the length of ICU stay by 8.6% (p = 0.003). In three trials in which patients needed mechanical ventilation for over 24 hours, vitamin C shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation by 18.2% (95% CI 7.7% to 27%; p = 0.001). Given the insignificant cost of vitamin C, even an 8% reduction in ICU stay is worth exploring. The effects of vitamin C on ICU patients should be investigated in more detail.

Keywords: antioxidants; artificial respiration; burns; cardiac surgical procedures; cardiovascular system; critical care; dietary supplements; oxidative stress; sepsis; systematic review.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis

MeSH terms

  • Ascorbic Acid / therapeutic use*
  • Cardiac Surgical Procedures / adverse effects*
  • Humans
  • Intensive Care Units / statistics & numerical data
  • Length of Stay / statistics & numerical data*
  • Postoperative Complications / prevention & control*
  • Respiration, Artificial / statistics & numerical data
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vitamins / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Vitamins
  • Ascorbic Acid