INTRODUCTION: Prior research suggests there may be gender differences with regards to hypoxia resilience. Our study was designed to determine whether there were differences between genders in neuronal electrical activity at simulated altitude and whether those changes correlated with cognitive and aviation performance decrements.METHODS: There were 60 student Naval Aviators or Flight Officers who completed this study (30 women, 30 men). Participants were exposed to increasing levels of normobaric hypoxia and monitored with dry EEG while flying a fixed-base flight simulation. Gender differences in brainwave frequency power were quantified using MATLAB. Changes in flight and cognitive performance were analyzed via simulation tasks and with a cognitive test validated under hypoxia.RESULTS: Significant decreases in theta and gamma frequency power occurred for women compared to men with insidious hypoxic exposures to 20K, with an average frequency power decrease for women of 19.4% compared to 9.3% for men in theta, and a 42.2% decrease in gamma for women compared to 21.7% for men. Beta frequency power correlated highest between genders, with an average correlation coefficient of r = 0.95 across seven channels.DISCUSSION: Results of this study suggest there is identifiable brain wave suppression for both men and women with hypoxic exposure and, moreover, there are significant differences in this suppression between genders. Beta frequency power was most sensitive for both genders and highly correlative compared to other brainwave frequencies. The implications of these findings are important considerations for next-generation aviation helmets, which may employ this technology as an early warning mechanism.Rice GM, Snider D, Drollinger S, Greil C, Bogni F, Phillips J, Raj A, Marco K, Linnville S. Gender differences in dry-EEG manifestations during acute and insidious normobaric hypoxia. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(4):369-377.