Ions-free electrochemically synthetized in aqueous media flake-like CuO nanostructures as SERS reproducible substrates for the detection of neurotransmitters

The process of catalytic destruction of tumor cells can be strengthened by introducing copper(II) oxide nanostructures (CuONSs) with receptor's agonists/antagonists immobilized on their surface. Here we show a simple and reliable electrochemical method for the fabrication ions-free flake-like CuO nanostructures in a surfactant/ions free aqueous environment. For the determination of the metal surface plasmon, size, rheology, and structure of the fabricated nanostructures ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman, and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (HDTEM-EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis were used. The fabricated nanostructures were used as highly sensitive, uniform, and reproducible sensors of a natural ligand (bombesin) of some types of metabotropic seven transmembrane G protein-coupled superfamily receptors (GPCRs), which are over-express on the surface of many malignant tumors. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was used to monitor the geometry of adsorbate, separate, enrich, and detect various bombesin C-terminal fragments. It has been shown that the type of used substrate, surface development, and ions present in the solution have little effect on the mode of adsorption.