Aim: To explore compassion from the perceptions of individuals with personal experience of nursing care.
Background: Although compassion is considered integral to professional nursing, increasing reports of care experiences illustrating a lack of compassion have challenged this. Despite political and professional guidance to reaffirm compassion as an underpinning philosophy of contemporary nursing practice, this provides limited insight into what compassion may involve. Contemporary evidence to inform understanding of compassion predominately arises from the professional perspective. This knowledge gap supported the rationale to explore compassion from the individual perspective.
Design: Constructivist grounded theory, underpinned by the theoretical perspectives of symbolic interactionism and social constructionism.
Methods: Data were collected via 11 individual interviews, a focus group discussion and three additional individual interviews during 2013-2015. Initial and focused coding, constant comparative analysis, conceptual mapping, theoretical memos and diagrams supported data analysis until theoretical sufficiency was determined.
Findings: Inter-related data categories emerged: Self-Propensity for Compassion, Attributes for Compassion, Socialising for Compassion, Conditions for Compassion; and Humanising for Compassion (core category).
Conclusion: Compassion is a complex phenomenon, constructed by individuals through their personal experiences of nursing care and life experiences in the social world. In this study, participants perceived that compassion was fundamentally embodied by experiences of a humanising approach to nursing care. These humanising experiences were thought to be influenced by biological, psychological and socio-contextual factors. The study provides additional insight into compassion that requires further investigation with individuals in other care contexts, nurses and healthcare professionals.
目的: 通过有护理经历的个体看法探究怜悯心。 背景: 尽管怜悯心是专业护理不可或缺的一部分,但是越来越多关于护理经历的报告表明缺少怜悯心,这些报告使上述的说法收到质疑。尽管政治和专业指导都一再重申怜悯心作为支撑当代护理实践哲学观点的重要性,但是何为怜悯心的看法依然有限。当代证据表明怜悯心主要来自不同的专业视角。这一知识鸿沟表明探究个体视角的怜悯心是合情合理的。 设计: 采用建构主义扎根理论,基于符号互动论及社会建构主义的支撑进行研究。 方法: 2013年至2015年间,通过11次个人访谈、专题小组讨论以及三个附加的个人访谈收集数据。采用初始、聚焦编码,持续性比较分析,概念匹配以及理论备忘录和图标进行数据分析,直到理论充分确定。 发现: 出现相互关联的数据分类:自我偏好怜悯心、自然属性怜悯心,社会怜悯心,条件怜悯心以及人性怜悯心(主要类别)。 结论: 怜悯心是一种复杂的现象,由某个体在社会中的人生经历以及个人的护理经历构建而成。本研究中,参与者认为怜悯心从根本上来说是由参与护理的人性经历所体现的。这些人性化经历可认为受生物因素、心理因素以及社会环境因素等因素影响。本研究对怜悯心提出了新的见解,需进一步调查在其它护理环境的个体、护士以及医疗专业人员。.
Keywords: compassion; constructivist grounded theory; experiences of care; humanising care; individual perceptions; nursing; qualitative research.
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.