Prediagnostic serum organochlorine insecticide concentrations and primary liver cancer: A case-control study nested within two prospective cohorts

Int J Cancer. 2019 Nov 1;145(9):2360-2371. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32175. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Abstract

Although experimental evidence indicates that certain organochlorine insecticides are hepatocarcinogens, epidemiologic evidence for most of these chemicals is very limited. We estimated associations, using prospectively collected sera, between organochlorine insecticide concentrations and cancer registry-identified primary liver cancer in two cohorts, one from the United States and one from Norway. In nested case-control studies, we used sera collected in the 1960s-1980s from 136 cases and 408 matched controls from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Multiphasic Health Checkup (MHC) cohort and 84 cases and 252 matched controls from the population-based Norwegian Janus cohort. We measured concentrations of nine organochlorine insecticides/metabolites and markers of hepatitis B and C in sera. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for tertiles of lipid-corrected organochlorines were calculated for each cohort using conditional logistic regression. Among MHC participants with sera from the 1960s, there was a suggestive exposure-response trend for trans-nonachlor (second and third tertile of analyte ORs = 1.63 and 1.95, respectively; p-trend = 0.08) and a nonsignificantly elevated risk for the highest tertile of oxychlordane (OR = 1.87). Among Janus participants with sera from the 1970s, we observed an apparent trend for p,p'-DDT (second and third tertile ORs = 1.70 and 2.14, respectively; p-trend = 0.15). We observed little consistency in patterns of association between the cohorts. We found limited evidence that exposure to p,p'-DDT and chlordane-related oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor may be associated with increased risk of primary liver cancer. However, the modest strength of these associations and their lack of concordance between cohorts necessitate caution in their interpretation.

Keywords: cohort; liver cancer; nested case-control study; organochlorines; persistent organic pollutants; pesticides; prospective.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Chlordan / adverse effects
  • Chlordan / analogs & derivatives
  • Chlordan / blood
  • DDT / adverse effects
  • DDT / blood
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / adverse effects
  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / blood*
  • Insecticides / adverse effects
  • Insecticides / blood*
  • Liver Neoplasms / chemically induced
  • Liver Neoplasms / epidemiology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Norway / epidemiology
  • Odds Ratio
  • Prospective Studies
  • Registries
  • Risk Assessment
  • United States / epidemiology

Substances

  • Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
  • Insecticides
  • Chlordan
  • oxychlordane
  • DDT