J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2018 Dec 27;48(6):373-382. doi: 10.5051/jpis.2018.48.6.373. eCollection 2018 Dec.

Effects of various prophylactic procedures on titanium surfaces and biofilm formation.

Di Salle A¹, Spagnuolo G^2,³, Conte R¹, Procino A², Peluso G¹, Rengo C².

Author information

1: Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
2: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
3: I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.

Abstract

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various prophylactic treatments of titanium implants on bacterial biofilm formation, correlating surface modifications with the biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Staphylococcus aureus, and bacteria isolated from saliva.

Methods:

Pure titanium disks were treated with various prophylactic procedures, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the degree to which surface roughness was modified. To evaluate antibiofilm activity, we used P. aeruginosa PAO1, S. aureus, and saliva-isolated Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Results:

AFM showed that the surface roughness increased after using the air-polishing device and ultrasonic scaler, while a significant reduction was observed after using a curette or polishing with Detartrine ZTM (DZ) abrasive paste. In addition, we only observed a significant (P<0.01) reduction in biofilm formation on the DZ-treated implant surfaces.

Conclusion:

In this study, both AFM and antibiofilm analyses indicated that using DZ abrasive paste could be considered as the prophylactic procedure of choice for managing peri-implant lesions and for therapy-resistant cases of periodontitis.