[Chikungunya, emerging disease in Latin America. Description of the first cases in Chile]

Rev Chilena Infectol. 2018 Aug;35(4):413-419. doi: 10.4067/s0716-10182018000400413.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Background: Chikungunya (CHIK) was introduced in The Americas in 2013, spreading rapidly. In 2014, the first imported case was diagnosed in Chile.

Aim: To identify patients with clinical suspicion of CHIK and describe their clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Patients and methods: Patients with suspected CHIK were enrolled. All were confirmed by PCR, IgM or IgG CHIK. A structured survey was applied, which included demographic questions, travel characteristics, clinical manifestations, and laboratory results.

Results: 21 patients were enrolled and CHIK was confirmed in 16, who were further analyzed; 12 were female (75%), average age 39 years (27-52). The Caribbean and South Americawere the most frequent sites of exposure. In 63%, the initial symptom was arthralgia. Most frequent symptoms were myalgias, malaise (both 100%), fever, and polyarthralgia (both 94%). The median duration of arthralgias was 90 days (3-262); in 53% arthralgias lasted ≥ 3 months. Main joints involved were ankles, hands, and wrists; 87% reported invalidating pain. Arthritis lasted longer in men than in women (p < 0.001). 38% of patients presented lymphopenia and one patient mild thrombocytopenia. Two patients required hospitalization, one with severe headaches, the other with acute pyelonephritis.

Conclusions: Chikungunya should be suspected in returning travelers presenting with fever and severe polyarthralgia. Travelers to endemic areas should apply prevention measures to avoid mosquito bites.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Chikungunya Fever / diagnosis*
  • Chikungunya Fever / epidemiology
  • Chikungunya Fever / prevention & control
  • Chikungunya Fever / transmission
  • Chikungunya virus
  • Chile / epidemiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Latin America
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • Travel