Background: There is a need for comprehensive, valid and reliable instruments to assess leprosy-related stigma. This paper presents the process of the cross-cultural validation of an instrument in Cirebon District, Indonesia initiated by the Stigma Assessment and Reduction of Impact (SARI) project.
Methods: The Berger Scale was initially developed to assess HIV/AIDS-related stigma. This study explores the conceptual, item, semantic, operational and measurement equivalence of this scale for leprosy. The process included a qualitative study, translation and back-translation, training of interviewers, a pilot and the main data collection. We aimed for a sample of 154 people affected by leprosy with 60 repeat interviews. They were selected through convenience sampling.
Results: The original scale showed acceptable conceptual equivalence, but insufficient item, semantic and operational equivalences. For instance, there were irrelevant HIV-related items and the respondents found it difficult to indicate their level of agreement with the given statements. Major adjustments were necessary, leading to a new version of the scale. The measurement properties of the new version showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0·88); no floor or ceiling effects; and a good reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient 0·75).