Objective: To explore relationship between depressive symptoms and occupational stress in locomotive drivers. Methods: By using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1413 train drivers (including passenger train drivers301, freight train drivers 683, passenger shunting train drivers350, and high speed train drivers79) from a railway bureau. The individual factors, depression, occupational stress, strains, personalities, coping strategy and social support were measured using occupational stress instruments, job content questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. Results: CThe differences of depression scores between take exercise and don't exercise groups were statistical significance (P<0.01) . The differences of depression scores among different age, length of service, job category, educational status,marital status, smoking and drinking groups were`t statistical significance (P>0.05) .Correlation analysis revealed that depression score was related negatively to reward, job satisfaction, self-esteem, promotion opportunities, working stability and positively emotions score (P<0.01) , related positively to sleep disorders, effort, physiological needs, psychological need, daily stress, negative emotions, social support, esponsibility for person, responsibility for thing, conflict in the group, role conflict, role ambiguity score (P<0.01) . Nonparametric test analysis found that train drivers with high depression score reported higher psychological need, effort, promotion opportunities, role ambiguity, role conflict, conflict between groups, responsibility for person, responsibility for thing, physiological needs, daily stress, negative emotions, social support and copping strategies than those with moderate and lower depression score (P<0.01) , but the scores of job satisfaction, reword, self-esteem, working stability, positive emotions were lower than other groups those with moderate and lower depression score (P<0.01) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the risk of depression for drivers with more sleep disorder, low social support more than three times as high as that for drivers with few sleep disorder, hing social support (OR=3.615,3.266) .High negative emotions, more psychological need, high daily stress were more than twice times as high as that for drivers with low negative emotions, few psychological need, low daily stress (OR:2.444、2.489、2.065) . Conclusion: sleep disorder, low social support and job stress had larger effect on depression. To improve sleep, social support, self-esteem and decrease job stress and negative emotions are main measures of decrease depression for train drivers.
目的： 探讨机车司机抑郁症状的发生与职业应激相关因素的关系。 方法： 采取整群抽样的方法，于2012年3月对某公司机车司机1413名（包括客车司机301名、货车司机683名、运调车司机350名和高铁司机79名）男性机车司机进行了横断面调查；调查内容包括用职业紧张测量工具、工作内容问卷和付出-回报失衡问卷等测试工人的抑郁症状、职业应激因素、应激反应、个体特征、应付策略和社会支持。 结果： 不锻炼组抑郁症状评分明显高于锻炼组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），其他不同个体特征组间抑郁症状评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。相关分析表明，抑郁症状评分与回报（r=-0.281）、工作满意感（r=-0.428,）、自尊感（r=-0.215）、提升机会（r=-0.115）、工作不稳定性（r=-0.335）和正性情感评分（r=-0.315）呈负相关（P<0.01）；与睡眠质量（r=0.570）、付出（r=0.291）、躯体需求（r=0.683）、心理需求（r=0.343）、每日紧张感（r=0.481）、工作前景（r=0.083）、负性情感（r=0.470）、社会支持（r=0.446）、对人的责任（r=0.147）、对事的责任（r=0.164）、组内冲突（r=0.141）、组间冲突（r=0.271）、角色冲突（r=0.196）和角色模糊评分（r=0.183）呈正相关（P<0.01）。非参数检验显示，抑郁症状评分高组的心理需求、付出、提升机会、角色模糊、角色冲突、组内冲突、组间冲突、对人的责任、对事的责任、躯体需求、每日紧张感、负性感情、药物使用、社会支持、应对策略评分高于抑郁症状评分中等组和低组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；而工作满意感、回报、工作不稳定性、自尊、正性情感评分低于中等组和低组评分，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。Logistic回归分析显示，睡眠障碍、低社会支持者发生抑郁症状的风险是睡眠质量高、高社会支持者的3倍多（OR=3.615,3.266）；负性情感、心理需求、每日紧张感评分高者发生抑郁症状的风险是负性情感、心理需求、每日紧张感评分低者2倍多（OR分别为:2.444、2.489、2.065）;正性情感和自尊感对抑郁症状的发生有保护作用。 结论： 睡眠障碍、低社会支持及职业应激因素是抑郁症状发生的诱因，提高睡眠质量、社会支持、增强自尊感、减少职业应激、负性情感是预防和减少机车司机抑郁症状的主要措施。.
Keywords: Occupational health; Occupational stress; Personal disorder.