Aim: To assess risk factors and prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and cardiogenic shock (CS) in Poland.
Methods: Data from The Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (PL-ACS) were analysed in 2008-2012. A total of 57400 consecutive STEMI patients included. The results of treatment and prognosis of patients with and without CS were compared. An additional analysis of the prognosis of men and women with CS was performed.
Results: There were 34.2% of women and 65.8% of men. CS was diagnosed in 3589 (6.3%) patients (females 7.3% vs. males 5.7%, p<0.003). In multivariate analysis CS was the strongest factor affecting both inhospital (OR 2.51; 95%CI 2.25-2.80; p<0.0001) and 12-month (OR 2.09; 95%CI 1.96-2.24; p<0.0001) mortality. The worst prognosis was associated with pulmonary edema, advanced age, left or right bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation, and anterior MI. An early invasive strategy up to six hours from the symptom onset were the only factors reducing in-hospital and 12-month mortality. Despite of high female ratio in the group with CS and higher mortality in the female group, the female sex did not influence the in-hospital prognosis.
Conclusion: In spite of enormous progress in the treatment of STEMI cardiogenic shock remains an important complication affecting the in-hospital and long-term prognosis. A symptom onset-to-treatment time is the key element in the management of patients with CS. Proper diagnosis and management including wide interventional strategy implementation increase the survival chance. An intensive study on novel treatment modalities and on effective identification methods of patients at risk and are warranted.