Pneumatosis From Esophagus to Rectum: A Comprehensive Review Focusing on Clinico-Radiological Differentiation Between Benign and Life-Threatening Causes

Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2018 Apr;39(2):167-182. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2017.09.002. Epub 2017 Sep 9.

Abstract

Pneumatosis of the alimentary tract may occur from the esophagus to rectum as a result of a wide spectrum of conditions that range from benign to life-threatening. Although distinguishing between these 2 groups is of paramount importance for an appropriate clinical management, it still remains a challenge for the radiologist in the daily practice. In the light of the current literature, we provide in the present article a comprehensive review focusing on the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings that most consistently may allow such a differentiation. We also provide a pictorial essay illustrating this range of diagnoses, briefly discussing each one.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Esophagus / diagnostic imaging
  • Esophagus / physiopathology
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / diagnostic imaging*
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / physiopathology
  • Humans
  • Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis / diagnostic imaging*
  • Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis / physiopathology
  • Radiography / methods*
  • Rectum / diagnostic imaging
  • Rectum / physiopathology
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods