Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2017

J Gynecol Oncol. 2018 Mar;29(2):e31. doi: 10.3802/jgo.2018.29.e31.

Abstract

In 2017, 10 topics were selected as major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology. For cervical cancer, efficacy and safety analysis results of a 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and long-term impact of reduced dose of quadrivalent vaccine were updated. Brief introduction of KEYNOTE trials of pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between programmed death (PD)-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, followed. Tailored surveillance programs for gynecologic cancer related with Lynch syndrome and update on sentinel lymph node mapping were reviewed for uterine corpus cancer. For ovarian cancer, 5 topics were selected including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases inhibitors and immunotherapy. The other potential practice changers covered in this review were lymphadenectomy in advanced disease, secondary cytoreductive surgery in recurrent disease, weekly dose-dense regimen for first-line chemotherapy, incorporation of bevacizumab maintenance in platinum-sensitive recurrent disease, and effect of platinum-free interval prolongation. Conflicting opinions of academic societies on periodic pelvic examination were introduced in conjunction with relevant literature review. For the field of radiation oncology, results of 2 big trials, The Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma-3 and Gynecologic Oncology Group-258, for endometrial cancer and recent advance in high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer were reported. Topics for breast cancer covered adjuvant capecitabine after preoperative chemotherapy, adjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in early human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive disease, olaparib for metastatic cancer in patients with a germline BRCA mutation, 20-year risks of recurrence after stopping endocrine therapy at 5 years, and contemporary hormonal contraception and the risk of breast cancer.

Keywords: Breast Neoplasms; Immunotherapy; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Ovarian Neoplasms; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use
  • Biomedical Research* / trends
  • Breast Neoplasms / therapy
  • Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / genetics
  • Endometrial Neoplasms / pathology
  • Female
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Genital Neoplasms, Female* / genetics
  • Genital Neoplasms, Female* / pathology
  • Genital Neoplasms, Female* / therapy
  • Germ-Line Mutation
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / genetics
  • Ovarian Neoplasms / therapy
  • Papillomavirus Vaccines
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Sentinel Lymph Node / pathology
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / prevention & control
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / therapy
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / virology
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Papillomavirus Vaccines
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
  • pembrolizumab