Assessment of poliovirus antibody seroprevalence in polio high risk areas of West Africa

Vaccine. 2018 Feb 14;36(8):1027-1031. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.022. Epub 2018 Jan 19.

Abstract

We conducted a serological survey of anti-polio antibodies in polio high-risk areas of Mali, Guinea and Cote d'Ivoire to assess risk of future poliovirus outbreaks. Random community sampling of children 6-11 and 36-48 months-old was conducted; neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus were detected using microneutralization assay. We analysed 1059/1064 (99.5%) of enrolled children. Seroprevalence to poliovirus type 1 (PV1) across all age groups and locations ranged between 92 and 100%, for PV2 it was 77-100%, and 89-95% for PV3. PV2 seroprevalence in the younger age group in Guinea and Cote d'Ivoire was <80%. History of <4 polio vaccine doses and acute malnutrition were associated with seronegativity (OR = 2.1 CI95% = 1.5-3.1, OR = 1.8 CI95% = 1.1-3.3 respectively). The risk of poliovirus outbreak following importation is low because of high population immunity to PV1, however, due to large cohort of PV2 seronegative children any future detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 requires urgent response to arrest rapid spread.

Keywords: Eradication; Poliomyelitis; Seroprevalence; West Africa.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing / blood*
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cote d'Ivoire / epidemiology
  • Disease Outbreaks*
  • Female
  • Guinea / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Poliomyelitis / epidemiology*
  • Poliomyelitis / immunology*
  • Poliovirus / immunology*
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Vaccination

Substances

  • Antibodies, Neutralizing
  • Antibodies, Viral