Original waveforms and optimized signal processing are proposed for frequency-modulated continuous-wave lidar for range finding, velocimetry, and laser anemometry. For range finding, the aim of this signal processing is to extend lidar range and reduce ambiguities. Moreover, the effect of moderate atmospheric turbulence on lidar efficiency is analyzed for infinite and finite targets, taking into account wind-induced bistatism. For laser anemometry, the aim is to measure air speed at the shortest distance farther than the rotor-induced turbulent volume around the helicopter and to avoid parasitic echoes coming from clouds or hard targets in the vicinity of a helicopter.