Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Ningxia and to analyze its related factors. Methods: From March to September of 2013, a multi-stage and cluster sampling method was used to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Ningxia Area (3 years and above). Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (2009, Wuyishan) was used as the basis for the diagnosis of adult AR, while Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pediatric allergic rhinitis (2010, Chongqing) was used as the basis for children. SPSS 16.0 software was used to complete the statistical analysis. Results: The total number of questionnaires was 6 000, and the number of effective questionnaire was 5 236, the recovery rate was 87.27%. With 684 cases diagnosed of AR, the prevalence of AR in Ningxia was 13.06% (684/5 236), including 13.40% (325/2 425) of males, 12.77% (359/2 811) of females. The difference was not statistically significant (χ(2)=0.456, P>0.05). There was significant difference in the prevalence between Hui and Han [14.35% (452/3 150) vs 11.12% (232/2 086), χ(2)=11.51, P<0.05]. According to ARIA criteria, persistent AR was 27.63% (189/684), intermittent AR was 72.37% (495/684). The month with highest incidence of AR in Ningxia Area was September, accounting for 71.78% (491/684). The prevalence of urban population was 14.54%, with the prevalence of rural population was 11.90%, and the difference was significant between urban and rural residents (χ(2)=7.90, P<0.05). The age group with highest prevalence rate was 21~30 years old. The main inhalation allergens were mugwort (68.42%), weeds (58.48%) and ragweed (55.56%). The main dietary allergens were wheat flour (14.33%), peanut (13.74%) and walnut kernel (11.99%). The most common complication was allergic conjunctivitis [82.02% (561/684)]. Conclusion: The epidemiology of AR in Ningxia Area is preliminarily understood, which will provide the epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of AR and the formulation of public health policy.
目的： 调查宁夏地区变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis，AR)流行病学特征并分析其相关因素。 方法： 2013年3—9月，采用多阶段及整群抽样相结合的方法，以问卷调查形式随机调查宁夏地区常住(3年及3年以上)居民，成人以《变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗指南(2009年，武夷山)》作为诊断依据，儿童以《儿童变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗指南(2010年，重庆)》作为诊断依据，采用SPSS 16.0软件完成统计分析。 结果： 发放问卷总数为6 000份，有效调查问卷为5 236份，回收率为87.27%。确诊AR 684例，宁夏地区5～70岁常住居民AR患病率为13.06%(684/5 236)，其中男性13.40%(325/2 425)，女性12.77%(359/2 811)，男女患病率差异无统计学意义(χ(2)＝0.456，P>0.05)。其中汉族14.35%(452/3 150)，回族11.12%(232/2 086)，回汉两民族患病率差异有统计学意义(χ(2)＝11.51，P<0.05)。持续性AR占27.63%(189/684)，间歇性AR占72.37%(495/684)。宁夏地区发病最高的月份是9月份，占71.78%(491/684)。城市人口患病率为14.54%，农村人口患病率为11.90%，城市和农村居民患病率差异有统计学意义(χ(2)＝7.90，P<0.05)。患病率最高年龄段为21～30岁。吸入性变应原主要为艾蒿(68.42%)、杂草(58.48%)、豚草(55.56%)，食入性变应原主要为小麦粉(14.33%)、花生(13.74%)、核桃仁(11.99%)。AR患者合并的疾病中最常见的是变应性结膜炎，占到82.02%(561/684)。 结论： 初步了解宁夏地区AR的流行病学特征，为以后AR的防治及公共卫生政策的制订提供参考。.
Keywords: Epidemiology; Prevalence; Rhinitis, allergic.