Vascular adhesion protein 1 is a leukocyte homing-associated glycoprotein, which upon inflammation rapidly translocates from intracellular sources to the endothelial cell surface. It has been discovered that the cyclic peptide residues 283-297 of sialic acid-binding IgG-like lectin 9 (Siglec-9) "CARLSLSWRGLTLCPSK" bind to vascular adhesion protein 1 and hence makes the radioactive analogues of this compound ([68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9) interesting as a noninvasive visualizing marker of inflammation. Three different approaches to the radiosynthesis of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 are presented and compared with previously published methods. A simple, robust radiosynthesis of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 with a yield of 62% (non decay-corrected) was identified, and it had a radiochemical purity >98% and a specific radioactivity of 35 MBq/nmol. Furthermore, the protein binding and stability of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 were analyzed in vitro in mouse, rat, rabbit, pig, and human plasma and compared with in vivo pig results. The plasma in vitro protein binding of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was the lowest in the pig followed by rabbit, human, rat, and mouse. It was considerably higher in the in vivo pig experiments. The in vivo stability in pigs was lower than the in vitro stability. Despite considerable species differences, the observed characteristics of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 are suitable as a positron emission tomography tracer.
Keywords: [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 synthesis; animal; human; inflammation; plasma protein binding; vascular adhesion protein 1.
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