Deformed osseous structures have been reported as rare causes of extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection, including the styloid process and the hyoid bone. Here, the authors describe the first known case of symptomatic ICA dissection caused by a giant osteophyte due to atlantoaxial osteoarthritis. The left ICA was fixed at the skull base and at the ICA portion compressed by the osteophyte, and it was highly stretched and injured between the two portions during neck rotation. The patient was successfully treated with ligation of the affected ICA following balloon test occlusion. Atlantoaxial osteoarthritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ICA dissection in patients with a severely deformed cervical spine.
Keywords: AAOA = atlantoaxial osteoarthritis; BTO = balloon test occlusion; CTA = CT angiography; DSA = digital subtraction angiography; ECA = external carotid artery; ICA = internal carotid artery; MEP = motor evoked potential; MRA = MR angiography; SSEP = somatosensory evoked potential; atlantoaxial osteoarthritis; cervical; dissection; internal carotid artery; osteophyte.