Effect of processing on composition changes of selected spices

PLoS One. 2017 May 1;12(5):e0176037. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176037. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted to study the true retentions of α-tocopherol, tocotrienols and β-carotene in crown daisy, unripe hot pepper, onion, garlic, and red pepper as affected by various domestic cooking methods, those were, boiling, baking, stir-frying, deep-frying, steaming, roasting, and microwaving. Fatty acid compositions were determined by GC, and HPLC were used for quantification of α-tocopherol, tocotrienols, and β-carotene. True retentions of α-tocopherol in cooked foods were as follows: boiling (77.74-242.73%), baking (85.99-212.39%), stir-frying (83.12-957.08%), deep-frying (162.48-4214.53%), steaming (45.97-179.57%), roasting (49.65-253.69%), and microwaving (44.67-230.13%). Similarly for true retention of β-carotene were: boiling (65.69-313.75%), baking (71.46-330.16%), stir-frying (89.62-362.46%), deep-frying (178.22-529.16%), steaming (50.39-240.92%), roasting (73.54-361.47%), and microwaving (78.60-339.87%).

MeSH terms

  • Chromatography, Gas
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Cooking* / methods
  • Fatty Acids / chemistry
  • Hot Temperature
  • Microwaves
  • Spices / analysis*
  • Tocotrienols / chemistry
  • Water / chemistry
  • alpha-Tocopherol / chemistry
  • beta Carotene / chemistry

Substances

  • Fatty Acids
  • Tocotrienols
  • beta Carotene
  • Water
  • alpha-Tocopherol

Grants and funding

The research was supported by grants (13162MFDS162/15162MFDS039) from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2014 and 2015. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.