Prediction of 3- to 5-Month Outcomes from Signs of Acute Bilirubin Toxicity in Newborn Infants

J Pediatr. 2017 Apr:183:51-55.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.079. Epub 2017 Jan 25.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the ability of the bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND) score to predict residual neurologic and auditory disability and to document the relationship of BIND score to total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentration.

Study design: The BIND score (assessing mental status, muscle tone, and cry patterns) was obtained serially at 6- to 8-hour intervals in 220 near-term and full-term infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Neurologic and/or auditory outcomes at 3-5 months of age were correlated with the highest calculated BIND score. The BIND score was also correlated with TSB.

Results: Follow-up neurologic and auditory examinations were performed for 145/202 (72%) surviving infants. All infants with severe acute bilirubin encephalopathy (BIND scores 7-9) either died or suffered residual neurologic and auditory impairment. Of 24 cases with moderate encephalopathy (BIND 4-6), 15 (62.5%) resolved following aggressive intervention and were normal at follow-up. Three of 73 infants with mild encephalopathy (BIND scores 1-3) but severe jaundice (TSB ranging 33.5-38 mg/dL; 573-650 µmol/L) had residual neurologic and/or auditory impairment. A BIND score ≥4 had a specificity of 87.3% and a sensitivity of 97.4% for predicting poor neurologic outcomes (receiver operating characteristic analysis). BIND scores trended higher with severe hyperbilirubinemia (r2 = 0.54, P < .005), but 5/39 (13%) infants with TSB ≥36.5 mg/dL (624 µmol/L) had BIND scores ≤3, and normal outcomes at 3-5 months.

Conclusions: The BIND score can be used to evaluate the severity of acute bilirubin encephalopathy and predict residual neurologic and hearing dysfunction.

Keywords: BIND score; acute bilirubin encephalopathy; auditory neuropathy; automated auditory brain stem response; bilirubin induced neurologic dysfunction; chronic bilirubin encephalopathy; hyperbilirubinemia; kernicterus.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Bilirubin / blood*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Developmental Disabilities / epidemiology
  • Developmental Disabilities / physiopathology*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Gestational Age
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant, Premature
  • Jaundice, Neonatal / diagnosis*
  • Jaundice, Neonatal / epidemiology
  • Kernicterus / diagnosis*
  • Kernicterus / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Neurologic Examination
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • ROC Curve
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Bilirubin