Salvia (Sage): A Review of its Potential Cognitive-Enhancing and Protective Effects

Drugs R D. 2017 Mar;17(1):53-64. doi: 10.1007/s40268-016-0157-5.

Abstract

Genus Salvia, commonly known as sage, is the largest genus in the Lamiaceae family. It comprises many species traditionally used as brain-enhancing tonics. In vitro and animal studies have confirmed that several Salvia species contain a large array of active compounds that may enhance cognitive activity and protect against neurodegenerative disease. In this review, the active constituents in plants belonging to the genus Salvia are summarised, and their influence on pharmacodynamics pertinent to cognitive activity are detailed. In particular, the effects of plants belonging to the genus Salvia and their constituents on cognitive skills including memory, attention and learning are detailed. Their potential effects in dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, are also examined. Completed human trials are summarised, and factors influencing the potency of Salvia plants are covered. Finally, directions for future research are proposed to enhance our understanding of the potential health benefits of Salvia plants.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cognition / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Neuroprotective Agents / chemistry
  • Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology*
  • Neuroprotective Agents / therapeutic use
  • Nootropic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Nootropic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Plant Extracts / chemistry
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology
  • Plant Extracts / therapeutic use*
  • Plants, Medicinal / chemistry
  • Salvia officinalis / chemistry*

Substances

  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Nootropic Agents
  • Plant Extracts