Incidence and mortality of prostate cancer and their relationship with the Human Development Index worldwide

S Hassanipour-Azgomi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Mahshid Ghoncheh; Farhad Towhidi; Saeid Jamehshorani; Hamid Salehiniya

doi:10.1016/j.prnil.2016.07.001

Incidence and mortality of prostate cancer and their relationship with the Human Development Index worldwide

Prostate Int. 2016 Sep;4(3):118-24. doi: 10.1016/j.prnil.2016.07.001. Epub 2016 Jul 25.

Authors

S Hassanipour-Azgomi¹, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani², Mahshid Ghoncheh³, Farhad Towhidi⁴, Saeid Jamehshorani⁴, Hamid Salehiniya⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
² Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
³ Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
⁴ Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
⁵ Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer and their relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components in Asia in 2012.

Methods: This study was an ecological study conducted based on the GLOBOCAN project of the World Health Organization. The correlation between standardized incidence rate (SIR) and standardized mortality rate (SMR) of prostate cancer with HDI and its components was assessed using SPSS Inc Version 18.0 (Chicago).

Results: There were 1,094,916 incident cases of prostate cancer and 307,481 deaths recorded in 2012 worldwide. SIR and SMR due to HDI were 72 and 9.7 in very high human development regions, 37.5 and 12.9 in high human development regions, 7 and 3.7 in medium human development regions, and 14.9 and 12.1 in low human development regions per 100,000 people, respectively. A positive correlation of 0.475 was seen between SIR of prostate cancer and HDI (P ≤ 0.001). Also, a negative correlation of 0.160 was seen between SMR of prostate cancer and HDI (P = 0.032).

Conclusion: The incidence of prostate cancer is high in countries with higher development. A positive correlation was observed between the SIR of prostate cancer and the HDI and its components, such as life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, and the gross national income per capita. In addition, there was a negative correlation between SMR and HDI.

Keywords: Development; Incidence; Mortality; Prostate cancer.