An epidemiological survey was conducted of the oral conditions in the region of lle de France of a representative sample of 2,062 children aged 6 to 15 years. The sample was selected among the population of Paris and the departments of Hauts de Seine, Seine St-Denis, Val-de-Marne, Val d'Oise and Seine et Marne; 1,962 children came from urban zones. The mean DMFT increased with age and was 0.98, 4.46 and 6.6 at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 years respectively. At 6 years of age, 65.9% of the children were free of caries in their permanent teeth decreasing to 17.4% and 11.9% at the ages of 12 and 15 years respectively. The pits and fissures were the most frequent sites of caries. The highest mean values of plaque and gingival indices were observed at the age of 11 years.