Treatment of Fabry's Disease with the Pharmacologic Chaperone Migalastat

N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):545-55. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1510198.

Abstract

Background: Fabry's disease, an X-linked disorder of lysosomal α-galactosidase deficiency, leads to substrate accumulation in multiple organs. Migalastat, an oral pharmacologic chaperone, stabilizes specific mutant forms of α-galactosidase, increasing enzyme trafficking to lysosomes.

Methods: The initial assay of mutant α-galactosidase forms that we used to categorize 67 patients with Fabry's disease for randomization to 6 months of double-blind migalastat or placebo (stage 1), followed by open-label migalastat from 6 to 12 months (stage 2) plus an additional year, had certain limitations. Before unblinding, a new, validated assay showed that 50 of the 67 participants had mutant α-galactosidase forms suitable for targeting by migalastat. The primary end point was the percentage of patients who had a response (≥50% reduction in the number of globotriaosylceramide inclusions per kidney interstitial capillary) at 6 months. We assessed safety along with disease substrates and renal, cardiovascular, and patient-reported outcomes.

Results: The primary end-point analysis, involving patients with mutant α-galactosidase forms that were suitable or not suitable for migalastat therapy, did not show a significant treatment effect: 13 of 32 patients (41%) who received migalastat and 9 of 32 patients (28%) who received placebo had a response at 6 months (P=0.30). Among patients with suitable mutant α-galactosidase who received migalastat for up to 24 months, the annualized changes from baseline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and measured GFR were -0.30±0.66 and -1.51±1.33 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, respectively. The left-ventricular-mass index decreased significantly from baseline (-7.7 g per square meter; 95% confidence interval [CI], -15.4 to -0.01), particularly when left ventricular hypertrophy was present (-18.6 g per square meter; 95% CI, -38.2 to 1.0). The severity of diarrhea, reflux, and indigestion decreased.

Conclusions: Among all randomly assigned patients (with mutant α-galactosidase forms that were suitable or not suitable for migalastat therapy), the percentage of patients who had a response at 6 months did not differ significantly between the migalastat group and the placebo group. (Funded by Amicus Therapeutics; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00925301 [study AT1001-011] and NCT01458119 [study AT1001-041].).

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial, Phase III
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 1-Deoxynojirimycin / adverse effects
  • 1-Deoxynojirimycin / analogs & derivatives*
  • 1-Deoxynojirimycin / therapeutic use
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Diarrhea / drug therapy
  • Diarrhea / etiology
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Fabry Disease / complications
  • Fabry Disease / drug therapy*
  • Female
  • Glomerular Filtration Rate
  • Heart Ventricles / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / diagnostic imaging
  • Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / drug therapy
  • Kidney / chemistry*
  • Kidney / physiopathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mutation
  • Trihexosylceramides / analysis*
  • Trihexosylceramides / urine
  • Ultrasonography
  • Young Adult
  • alpha-Galactosidase / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • alpha-Galactosidase / genetics

Substances

  • Trihexosylceramides
  • 1-Deoxynojirimycin
  • globotriaosylceramide
  • migalastat
  • alpha-Galactosidase

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00925301
  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01458119