Do we need a third mechanistic descriptor for chronic pain states?

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Spine Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ² St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
• ³ Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, Universitaetsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
• ⁴ Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Neuroscience, CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain.
• ⁶ Department of Surgery and Cancer, Pain Research, Imperial College, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.
• ⁷ Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
• ⁸ Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.