A. Differences of cell proportion between conditions (Ctrl1 vs. Ctrl2, TMM, BBJ, Hisayama, and JPHC) within the same individual are estimated by the cell-type composition from DNA methylation profiles. CD8T, CD8+ T cells; CD4T, CD4+ T cells; NK, natural killer cells; Bcell, B cells; Mono, monocytes; Gran, granulocytes. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 (Wilcoxon sighed rank test compared with Ctrl1). B-F. QQ plots for the comparison of 16 individuals between conditions (Ctrl1 vs. Ctrl2, TMM, BBJ, Hisayama, and JPHC) before (brown points) and after adjustment for the change in the estimated proportion of granulocytes (blue points). The genomic inflation factor lambda (median P-value of obs/exp) is shown.