We have been able to use immunogold labeling with monoclonal antibodies specific for tyrosinated alpha-tubulin to define new microtubule assembly within the T. brucei pellicular cytoskeleton. Using this approach, we have been able to visualize and define the detyrosination gradient along single microtubules in vivo. New microtubules are seen to invade the cytoskeletal array early in the cell cycle between old microtubules. In post-mitotic cells, a unique form of microtubule assembly occurs, with very short microtubules being intercalated in the array. We propose that these are nucleated by lateral interaction with the MAPs on existing adjacent microtubules. This construction pattern suggests a templated morphogenesis of microtubule arrays with semi-conservative distribution to the daughter cells.