The sodium kidney treatment, local blood flow in the cortex and medulla as well as ultrametric parameters of mitochondria of different regions of the rat kidney duct system were studied under compensatory hypertrophy of kidneys (CHK) and against a background of aftereffects of single kidney decentralization (SKD). In all 120 experiments have been conducted. In the course of the first two weeks of the experiment the local blood flows in the cortex of SKD increased by 30% as compared to those under CHK and natriuresis+ was thrice as high (due to a decrease in proximal reabsorption). In this case coefficients of structural organization Km and of energy efficiency (Ke) of mitochondria lowered in cells of proximal ducts. Later on the intensity of local blood flows in the cortex of SKC was not only lower progressively than that under CHK but also of the control, simultaneously local blood flows in medulla being increased. The complete equalization of the sodium transport parameters of SKD up to their values under CHK did not occur. The rise of ultrametric parameters of the medullary ducts of SKD segments is associated with the intensification of their hemoperfusion.