Pulmonary emphysema induced by methylphenidate: experimental study

Sao Paulo Med J. 2015 Mar-Apr;133(2):131-4. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2014.8470910. Epub 2015 Apr 1.

Abstract

Context and objective: Methylphenidate is the most widely used drug for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, it has important side effects, such as abdominal pain, insomnia, anorexia and loss of appetite, and also some cases of early severe emphysema after drug abuse have been reported. Our aim was to investigate the development of pulmonary emphysema in rats that were subjected to different doses of methylphenidate.

Design and setting: Experimental study carried out at the laboratory of a public university.

Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (0.9% saline solution); MP 0.8 (methylphenidate, 0.8 mg/kg); MP 1.2 (methylphenidate, 1.2 mg/kg). After 90 days of daily gavage, the animals were sacrificed and lung tissue samples were prepared for analysis on the mean alveolar diameter (Lm).

Results: The Lm was greater in MP 0.8 (47.91 ± 3.13; P < 0.01) and MP 1.2 (46.36 ± 4.39; P < 0.05) than in the control group (40.00 ± 3.48).

Conclusion: Methylphenidate caused an increase in the alveolar diameter of rats, which was compatible with human pulmonary emphysema.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:: O metilfenidato é o medicamento mais utilizado para o tratamento de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. No entanto, tem efeitos colaterais importantes, tais como dor abdominal, insônia, anorexia, perda de apetite, bem como alguns casos de enfisema precoce grave após abuso da droga. Nosso objetivo foi investigar o desenvolvimento de enfisema pulmonar em ratos submetidos a diferentes doses de metilfenidato.

TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:: Trata-se de estudo experimental realizado em laboratório de uma universidade pública.

MÉTODOS:: Dezoito ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em três grupos: Controle (solução salina 0,9%); MP 0.8 (metilfenidato 0,8 mg/kg); MP 1.2 (metilfenidato 1,2 mg/kg). Depois de 90 dias de gavagem diária, os animais sofreram eutanásia e amostras de tecido pulmonar foram preparadas para análise do diâmetro alveolar médio (Lm).

RESULTADOS:: Lm foi maior nos grupos 0,8 MP (47,91 ± 3,13, P < 0,01) e MP 1.2 (46,36 ± 4,39, P < 0,05) em comparação com o grupo controle (40,00 ± 3,48).

CONCLUSÃO:: O metilfenidato causou aumento no diâmetro alveolar de ratos, o que é compatível com enfisema pulmonar humano.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / drug therapy
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / administration & dosage
  • Central Nervous System Stimulants / adverse effects*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Lung / drug effects*
  • Lung / pathology
  • Male
  • Methylphenidate / administration & dosage
  • Methylphenidate / adverse effects*
  • Organ Size / drug effects
  • Pulmonary Alveoli / drug effects
  • Pulmonary Alveoli / pathology
  • Pulmonary Emphysema / chemically induced*
  • Pulmonary Emphysema / pathology
  • Rats, Wistar

Substances

  • Central Nervous System Stimulants
  • Methylphenidate