Enzymatic intracrine regulation of white adipose tissue

Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2014 Jul;19(1):39-55. doi: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0019.

Abstract

Abdominal fat formation has become a permanent risk factor for metabolic syndrome and various cancers in one-third of the world's population of obese and even lean patients. Formation of abdominal fat involves additional mechanisms beyond an imbalance in energy intake and expenditure, which explains systemic obesity. In this review, we briefly summarized autonomous regulatory circuits that locally produce hormones from inactive precursors or nutrients for intra-/auto-/paracrine signaling in white adipose depots. Enzymatic pathways activating steroid and thyroid hormones in adipose depots were compared with enzymatic production of retinoic acid from vitamin A. We discussed the role of intracrine circuits in fat-depot functions and strategies to reduce abdominal adiposity through thermogenic adipocytes with interrupted generation of retinoic acid.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Abdominal Fat / enzymology
  • Abdominal Fat / metabolism
  • Adipocytes / metabolism
  • Adipose Tissue, White / enzymology*
  • Adipose Tissue, White / metabolism
  • Aromatase / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hydrocortisone / metabolism
  • Iodide Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Obesity / metabolism
  • Paracrine Communication
  • Signal Transduction
  • Tretinoin / metabolism
  • Vitamin A / metabolism

Substances

  • Vitamin A
  • Tretinoin
  • Iodide Peroxidase
  • Aromatase
  • Hydrocortisone