The photoreceptors of the neural retina require retinol for synthesis of rhodopsin. In the plasma, retinol is bound to retinol binding protein which is carried by transthyretin (TTR; formerly called prealbumin). It is unknown whether, or how, retinol carrier proteins cross the endothelium of the choriocapillaris, the blood supply to the outer neural retina. This was examined in the present study with TTR-gold probes perfused into rats and localized by electron microscopic techniques. TTR-gold, often in clusters, was localized to diaphragmed fenestrae, parajunctional areas, coated pits, transendothelial channels, multivesicular bodies, and to vesicles close to the Golgi apparatus. The probe was also identified at the luminal and abluminal fronts and the interior of transendothelial channels in an apparent sequence of transit. TTR-gold was also found in a series of interconnected vesicles adjacent to the abluminal side of the endothelium. Localizations were not seen when rat albumin fraction V was substituted for TTR and when the rats were perfused with Pronase E before labeling with TTR-gold. These observations indicate that binding and receptor mediated-like transport of TTR by the endothelium of the choriocapillaris is present. This is similar to the processing of heparin-gold by this endothelium.