(a) Relative cross coalescence rates in and out of Africa. African/Non-African pairs are shown in red colors, pairs within Africa in Purple colors. (b) Relative cross coalescence rates between populations outside Africa. European/East-Asian pairs in blue colors, Asian/MXL pairs in green colors, and other non-African pairs in other colors as indicated. The pairs that include MXL are masked to include only the putative Native American components. The most recent population separations are inferred from eight haplotypes, i.e. four haplotypes from each population, as indicated in the legend. (c) Comparison of the African/Non-African split with simulations of clean splits. We simulated three scenarios, at split times 50kya, 100kya and 150kya. The comparison demonstrates that the history of relative cross coalescence rate between African and Non-African ancestors is incompatible with a clean split model, and suggests it progressively decreased from beyond 150kya to approximately 50kya. (d) Schematic representation of population separations. Timings of splits, population separations, gene flow and bottlenecks are schematically shown along a logarithmic axis of time. Data for this Figure is available via .