Risk factors associated with methylisothiazolinone contact sensitization

Contact Dermatitis. 2013 Oct;69(4):231-8. doi: 10.1111/cod.12123. Epub 2013 Jul 27.

Abstract

Background: The preservative methylisothiazolinone (MI) has become an important allergen, with a dramatic increase in sensitization prevalence being seen over the last few years.

Objective: To examine risk factors associated with MI sensitization, in order to identify targets of prevention aimed at curtailing the present epidemic.

Methods: On the basis of contact allergy surveillance data collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (www.ivkd.org), 2009-2012, in the course of 28,922 patch tests with MI, 500 ppm in water, included in a series of cosmetic preservatives, logistic regression analysis was employed to quantify the risk associated with a number of putative risk factors.

Results: The prevalence of MI sensitization increased from 1.94% in 2009 to 6.02% in 2012, the increase being mainly driven by female patients aged≥ 40 years, patients with face dermatitis, and the use of cosmetics. Adjusted multifactorial analysis additionally identified several occupations (e.g. painters and beauticians) and ano-genital dermatitis as risk factors for MI sensitization.

Conclusions: The present use concentrations of MI, both cosmetic and industrial, are too high; (self-)regulatory action is urgently needed. MI should be added to the baseline series.

Keywords: CAS 2682-20-4; clinical epidemiology; contact allergy; methylisothiazolinone.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Cosmetics / adverse effects
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / epidemiology*
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / etiology
  • Dermatitis, Atopic / epidemiology
  • Dermatitis, Occupational / epidemiology*
  • Dermatitis, Occupational / etiology
  • Europe / epidemiology
  • Facial Dermatoses / epidemiology
  • Facial Dermatoses / etiology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Occupational Exposure / adverse effects*
  • Paint / toxicity
  • Patch Tests
  • Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / adverse effects*
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Factors
  • Thiazoles / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Cosmetics
  • Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
  • Thiazoles
  • 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one