Background: The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), demographic variables and mental health and to determine whether number of life stressors mediated these relationships.
Methods: Wave 1 (2001-02) and 2 (2004-05) data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; n = 34,459) were used in the current study. Controlling for wave 1 mental health, a mediation model was tested to determine the relative impact of socioeconomic and demographic variables (all measured at wave 1) on mental health 3 years later (wave 2). The number of life stressors experienced in the 12 months prior to wave 1, assessed at wave 1, was evaluated as the mediator.
Results: Findings indicated that SES, age, race/ethnicity, gender and marital status independently predicted changes in mental health ratings at wave 2. In addition, the number of life stressors mediated the relation between socioeconomic and demographic variables and mental health. Exposure to life stressors helps to explain commonly reported socioeconomic and demographic disparities in mental health.
Conclusions: Findings may suggest that reducing exposure to stressors and/or improving coping with life stressors may both improve mental health and reduce health disparities.
Keywords: life stress; mediation analysis; mental health; socioeconomic status.
© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.