Cytokines related to MMP-11 expression by inflammatory cells and breast cancer metastasis

Breast tumors infiltrated by matrix metalloprotease 11 (MMP-11)⁺ mononuclear inflammatory cells are prone to form metastases; express high levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-5, IL-6, IL-17, interferon β (IFNβ) and NFκB; and exhibit an increased CD68⁺/(CD3⁺CD20⁺) cell ratio at their invasive front. These factors, which are implicated in the crosstalk between tumors and their inflammatory microenvironment, may emerge as attractive prognostic factors and therapeutic targets.