viSNE is robust: it does not require canonical markers and the viSNE map has a conserved structure across healthy samples and a distinct structure in each cancer sample. (A) Left: Same as 1B, viSNE map based on all 13 markers. Middle: viSNE map of the same cells, projected after removing CD33, results in a very similar map and still identifies monocytes. Right: viSNE map of same cells, removing CD33, CD3, CD19 and CD20. Despite removing four canonical markers, viSNE separates most major subtypes using the remaining nine channels. See for additional marker subsets. (B) Samples from three healthy donors were mapped using viSNE. Each point represents a single cell, color coded by sample. The different samples overlap over all regions of the map. See for a separate plot for each sample. (C) The same map as in 2B, color coded by subtypes, as identified by marker expression levels (). (D) Samples from two healthy donors and two ALL patients were mapped using viSNE. Each cell is colored based on sample. While the healthy samples overlap, the cancer samples are separate from both the healthy samples and each other.