Atraumatic splenic rupture is a rare clinical entity and in the absence of trauma, the diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. In this article the authors discuss a case of a 45-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 4, with spontaneous splenic rupture on her second postpartum day. The rupture was related to a splenic hemangioma that is a vascular malformation and the most common neoplasm of the spleen. Despite the fact that hemangiomas are the most common primary neoplasms of the spleen, only few cases of splenic rupture have been described in pregnancy or puerperium. However, spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare event and the rupture should be suspected in woman with unexplained abdominal pain or with clear signs of haemorrhage.