The morbidity and mortality that are associated with child abuse is a serious concern for the practicing pediatrician. If abuse is to be prevented, physicians must become skilled in recognizing factors that place a child at risk for abuse. Early and minor signs of abuse and neglect must be recognized and reported to assure services if more serious abuse and neglect are to be prevented. Instruments that are used to strike children or burn them leave their imprint on the child. Marks on the skin may signal the existence of internal injuries. Nonaccidental injuries may be difficult to distinguish from accidental injuries. Physicians must approach an injury as a symptom requiring a diagnosis of cause. This is best accomplished by careful examination and documentation of each injury. If the injury is not in keeping with the history given or the child's level of development, abuse must be considered as a cause. A suspicion of abuse should result in a report.