A reliable and sensitive kit for the rapid detection of melamine (Mel) was developed. The kit is based on gold nanoparticle (Au NP) probe and includes a standard colorimetric card. The Au NPs were prepared by sodium borohydride reduction and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, which revealed particle sizes of approximately 5 nm. The performance of the kit in terms of aggregation kinetics, cross-reactivity, anti-interference, and sample pretreatment was investigated. The standard colorimetric card was then fabricated by chromatic aberration of a series of standard Mel-spiked milk reacts with the 5 nm Au NPs. The working range of the kit is 1-120 mg/L, and its performance is visibly more rapid and reliable by comparison with the standard colorimetric card. As low as 1 mg/L of Mel levels in milk can be determined, with the assay taking only about 10 min, including sample pretreatment. The kit can be stored for a year at room temperature. Samples were also detected by the kit, yielding results close to those obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Thus, the kit is applicable to qualitative and semiquantitative field detection, as well as naked-eye screening without the aid of any instrumentation.