Transmission distortion in Crohn's disease risk gene ATG16L1 leads to sex difference in disease association

Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012 Feb;18(2):312-22. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21781. Epub 2011 May 25.

Abstract

Background: Crohn's disease (CD), an inflammatory disease of the bowel, affects millions of people around the world. Evidence suggests that disease onset and pathogenesis differ between males and females. Yet no comprehensive efforts exist to assess the sex-specific genetic architecture of CD.

Methods: We used genotyping data from a cohort of 1748 CD cases and 2938 controls to investigate 71 meta-analysis-confirmed CD risk loci for sex differences in disease risk. We further validated the significant results in separate cohorts of 968 CD cases and 2809 controls, and performed a meta-analysis across datasets.

Results: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3792106 (C/T) in ATG16L1 showed a significant sex effect with P-value 6.9 × 10(-13) and allelic odds ratio 1.48 in females, and P-value 0.013 and odds ratio 1.22 in males (odds ratio heterogeneity P-value 0.037). Surprisingly, the difference was found to arise from a discrepancy in allele frequencies between male and female controls (P-value 0.0045) rather than cases. We found similar results for this SNP in the separate validation datasets. Using 155 HapMap 3 trios, we detected significant maternal overtransmission of the T allele at rs3792106 (P-value 0.027).

Conclusions: Our results indicate that different transmission patterns between sexes may sustain the disparate allele frequencies at rs3792106 in healthy populations, and furthermore that a virus-risk variant mechanism implicated in CD alters the distribution in diseased patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sex-specific CD association in ATG16L1. The possible implications in CD and basic human biology present interesting areas for future investigation.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Autophagy-Related Proteins
  • Carrier Proteins / genetics*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Crohn Disease / genetics*
  • Female
  • Gene Frequency
  • Genetic Association Studies
  • Genetic Loci
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • HapMap Project
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics
  • Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / genetics
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • Receptors, Interleukin / genetics
  • Risk
  • Sex Factors

Substances

  • ATG16L1 protein, human
  • Autophagy-Related Proteins
  • BSN protein, human
  • Carrier Proteins
  • IL23R protein, human
  • NOD2 protein, human
  • Nerve Tissue Proteins
  • Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein
  • Receptors, Interleukin