An AAAA–DDDD quadruple hydrogen-bond array

Nat Chem. 2011 Mar;3(3):244-48. doi: 10.1038/nchem.987.

Abstract

Secondary electrostatic interactions between adjacent hydrogen bonds can have a significant effect on the stability of a supramolecular complex. In theory, the binding strength should be maximized if all the hydrogen-bond donors (D) are on one component and all the hydrogen-bond acceptors (A) are on the other. Here, we describe a readily accessible AAAA–DDDD quadruple hydrogen-bonding array that exhibits exceptionally strong binding for a small-molecule hydrogen-bonded complex in a range of different solvents (K(a) > 3 × 10(12) M(-1) in CH2Cl2, 1.5 × 10(6) M(-1) in CH3CN and 3.4 × 10(5) M(-1) in 10% v/v DMSO/CHCl3). The association constant in CH2Cl2 corresponds to a binding free energy (ΔG) in excess of –71 kJ mol(-1) (more than 20% of the thermodynamic stability of a carbon–carbon covalent bond), which is remarkable for a supramolecular complex held together by just four intercomponent hydrogen bonds.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Carbon / chemistry
  • Hydrogen / chemistry*
  • Hydrogen Bonding
  • Solvents / chemistry
  • Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
  • Static Electricity
  • Thermodynamics

Substances

  • Solvents
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen