Bolus guide: a novel insulin bolus dosing decision support tool based on selection of carbohydrate ranges

J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010 Jul 1;4(4):893-902. doi: 10.1177/193229681000400418.

Abstract

Background: Optimal continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy emphasizes the relationship between insulin dose and carbohydrate consumption. One widely used tool (bolus calculator) requires the user to enter discrete carbohydrate values; however, many patients might not estimate carbohydrates accurately. This study assessed carbohydrate estimation accuracy in type 1 diabetes CSII users and compared simulated blood glucose (BG) outcomes using the bolus calculator and the "bolus guide," an alternative system based on ranges of carbohydrate load.

Methods: Patients (n = 60) estimated the carbohydrate load of a representative sample of meals of known carbohydrate value. The estimated error distribution [coefficient of variation (CV)] was the basis for a computer simulation (n = 1.6 million observations) of insulin recommendations for the bolus guide and bolus calculator, translated into outcome blood glucose (OBG) ranges (< or =60, 61-200, >201 mg/dl). Patients (n = 30) completed questionnaires assessing satisfaction with the bolus guide.

Results: The CV of typical meals ranged from 27.9% to 44.5%. The percentage of simulated OBG for the calculator and the bolus guide in the <60 mg/dl range were 20.8% and 17.2%, respectively, and 13.8% and 15.8%, respectively, in the >200 mg/dl range. The mean and median scores of all bolus guide satisfaction items and ease of learning and use were 4.17 and 4.2, respectively (of 5.0).

Conclusion: The bolus guide recommendation based on carbohydrate range selection is substantially similar to the calculator based on carbohydrate point estimation and appears to be highly accepted by type 1 diabetes insulin pump users.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Carbohydrates / blood*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Decision Support Systems, Clinical*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / drug therapy*
  • Diet, Diabetic
  • Female
  • Food Analysis
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Insulin / administration & dosage*
  • Insulin Infusion Systems
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patient Satisfaction
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Blood Glucose
  • Carbohydrates
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin