The purpose of this work was to study particularities of intestinal histological architecture in children with resection at first months of life and to evaluate the process adaptation of structures at loss of part organs. Intestinal histology with morphometry specimens of all layers of bowel were in 40 infants with first and repeated intestinal surgery examined. Reasons of surgery were: peritonitis (group I) and intestinal malformations (group II). In jejunal biopsy specimens from both groups was found mucosal atrophy (mucosal value 468 mkm and 352 mkm and villi length 263 mkm and 195 mkm corresponding). In ileal specimens obserwed mucosal hypotrophy by infants with peritonitis. Through 1-1.5 month after surgery in ileal specimens from both groups were reduce mucosal value with increase of crypt depth. Progress of mucosal hypotrophy was more in infants with peritonitis (villi length by second surgery 250 against 350 mkm as compared with group II (p = 0.14), relation villi/crypt 1.5 against 2.9 (p = 0.08)), that possible indicate insufficient of trophycs factors. Reduce mucosal value less 500 mkm and villi length less 300 mkm by first surgery increase risk of death (OR 3.5 and 2.8 corresponding).