Transcription factors LSF and E2Fs: tandem cyclists driving G0 to S?

Cell Cycle. 2009 Jul 15;8(14):2146-51. doi: 10.4161/cc.8.14.9089. Epub 2009 Jul 21.

Abstract

Cell cycle progression in mammalian cells from G(1) into S phase requires sensing and integration of multiple inputs, in order to determine whether to continue to cellular DNA replication and subsequently, to cell division. Passage to S requires transition through the restriction point, which at a molecular level consists of a bistable switch involving E2Fs and pRb family members. At the G(1)/S boundary, a number of genes essential for DNA replication and cell cycle progression are upregulated, promoting entry into S phase. Although the activating E2Fs are the most extensively characterized transcription factors driving G(1)/S expression, LSF is also a transcription factor essential for stimulating G(1)/S gene expression. A critical LSF target gene at this stage, Tyms, encodes thymidylate synthetase. In investigating how LSF is activated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, we recently identified a novel time delay mechanism for regulating its activity during G(1) progression, which is apparently independent of the E2F/pRb axis. This involves inhibition of LSF in early G(1) by two major proliferative signaling pathways: ERK and cyclin C/CDK, followed by gradual dephosphorylation during mid- to late-G(1). Whether LSF and E2F act independently or in concert to promote G(1)/S progression remains to be determined.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / metabolism
  • Cyclins / metabolism
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry
  • DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
  • E2F Transcription Factors / metabolism*
  • Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Phosphorylation
  • Resting Phase, Cell Cycle*
  • S Phase*
  • Signal Transduction
  • Transcription Factors / chemistry
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • Cyclins
  • DNA-Binding Proteins
  • E2F Transcription Factors
  • TFCP2 protein, human
  • Transcription Factors
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
  • Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases